• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a device for immission reduction, in particular for fine dust binding and has set itself the task of providing a device that enables effective air cleaning with the least possible effort and at a reasonable cost. To solve the problem, the invention provides a device (1), comprising a vertical holding device (2) on which a plurality of flat carriers (3) is arranged, which are arranged vertically one above the other and each having an upper support surface (4) arranged thereon Moss layer (5) and an opposite lower surface (6), wherein the upper support surface (4) is horizontally oriented or inclined in the vertical direction by a maximum of 45 °, and wherein adjacent planar support (3) are spaced apart so far in the vertical direction, a free gap (7) remains between the moss layer (5) of a flat carrier (3) and the lower surface (6) of an overlying flat carrier (3).
    公开号:CH714855A2
    申请号:CH00272/19
    申请日:2019-03-06
    公开日:2019-09-30
    发明作者:Dr -Ing Jürgen Pietsch Prof
    申请人:Prof Dr Ing Juergen Pietsch；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a device for immission reduction, in particular for binding fine dust.
    A reduction in the pollution of the air by immissions such as fine dust or nitrogen oxides is of great interest in order to minimize possible health risks from such pollutants. This applies in particular to the outside air in metropolitan areas (metropolitan regions), for example large cities, where people and animals living there, for example pets, can hardly avoid exposing themselves to polluted air. A reduction in carbon dioxide may also be desirable.
    Attempts have been made to use vertical greening systems for the purpose of minimizing air pollutants, which are also referred to as “green walls”, plant walls or “moss walls”.
    From DE 20 2017 104 038 U1, for example, a green system comprising moss for anchoring to a statically load-bearing element, e.g. a wall, known, in which vertically oriented moss mats are provided, so that a vertical element covered with moss, e.g. a wall is formed.
    [0005] DE 10 2013 107 786 B4 describes a vertical greening system with a vertical support plate, in which one or more moss plates serve as a cover for the support plate.
    [0006] DE 10 2014 114 307 A1 describes a plant wall for binding fine dust in urban areas, in which plant pots are attached to a plant pot support surface. The plant wall has horizontal wind passage openings which are at least partially formed by air gaps which are formed in that the plant pots are arranged at a distance from one another.
    With the devices known from the prior art, the provision of a capacity required for an effective improvement in the air quality of large amounts of air, in particular in metropolitan regions, is only possible to a limited extent and, moreover, is comparatively complex and expensive.
    The present invention has for its object to provide a device that enables effective immission reduction with the least possible effort at reasonable costs, especially in metropolitan regions and megacities as an ecosystem service.
    To achieve the object, the invention provides a device for immission reduction, in particular for binding particulate matter, comprising a vertical holding device on which a plurality of flat supports are arranged, which are arranged vertically one above the other and each have an upper support surface with an arranged thereon Moss layer and an opposite lower surface, wherein the upper support surface is aligned horizontally or inclined in the vertical direction by a maximum of 45 °, and wherein adjacent flat supports are so far apart from each other in the vertical direction that between the moss layer of a flat support and the lower surface of a a free gap remains above the flat support.
    The inventive device is simple and comparatively inexpensive to manufacture and suitable to provide large mossy areas in order to enable an effective improvement in the quality of large air masses, as is required in particular in cities. The device is particularly good, but not exclusively, suitable for reducing the concentration of fine dust particles in air. It is known that mosses pick up and metabolize fine dust from the air, producing oxygen while reducing carbon dioxide. However, other pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), can also be removed from the air by mosses. In addition, the device according to the invention can also be used to generate oxygen which is released during photosynthesis.
    The device can be arranged alone or on a wall or the like. In addition, a plurality of devices according to the invention can be assembled in modular fashion to form larger units.
    The inventive device is designed so that the mossy surfaces are particularly easily accessible for polluted air and for light. The device according to the invention dispenses with plant pots or the like and arranges a layer of moss exposed on a substantially horizontal or inclined support. The device is open at least on two sides, so that the air to be cleaned can be swept over the supports, as a result of which, for example, fine dust particles are deposited on the moss layer due to the flow and can thus be removed from the air. In addition to a better supply of the air to be cleaned to the moss layer, the device according to the invention also enables a sufficient supply of light. Mosses can also thrive under comparatively poor lighting conditions. Nevertheless, sufficient light irradiation is also vital for mosses.
    [0013] “Immission reduction” here means a reduction in the air concentration of at least one air pollutant, such as, for example, fine dust or NOx (NO 2 , NO, N 2 O).
    [0014] A “flat beam” is understood here to mean a beam that essentially extends in two dimensions and comparatively little in the third dimension. A flat carrier in the sense of the invention is preferably rigid and solid and forms a surface on which a layer of moss can be arranged. This does not rule out the fact that the carrier or its surface is uneven, for example has a curved or curved shape.
    CH 714 855 A2 The expression, according to which the upper support surface is “inclined in the vertical direction”, means that the support is tilted about its longitudinal axis such that the upper mossy surface is directed towards the source of the pollutant or in the direction of an expected one Electricity polluted air has.
    The expression that "adjacent supports are so far apart from each other in the vertical direction that a free gap remains between the moss layer of a support and the lower surface of an overlying support" means that adjacent, i.e. immediately superimposed supports are spaced so far apart that a free, i. e. A gap not occupied by moss remains, through which air can flow freely over the moss layer underneath and sufficient light can reach the moss layer. The term “lying one above the other” in relation to the beams includes a horizontal, for example stair-like, offset of the beams to one another. However, it is preferred within the scope of the present invention if the carriers are arranged one above the other essentially without horizontal offset.
    The inventive device is preferably designed so that the holding device and / or the carrier at the same time devices for water supply and water distribution, e.g. Take up lines and spray heads. This is particularly preferred in regions in which at least at times, for example seasonally, the amount of water naturally available through air humidity, rain, etc. is not sufficient to supply the mosses with sufficient water. In this case, it is also preferred if a water storage device is provided which can serve to nevertheless keep sufficient water available in a situation with a natural lack of water. Pipes for the water supply can, for example, be designed and arranged in such a way that the supports can be stored thereon at least partially.
    Each moss layer can also be equipped with moisture sensors, the signals of which are forwarded via a line or radio-based network (e.g. Internet of Things, loT) to an irrigation system arranged in the support structure. In this way, moistening of the moss layers adapted to the respective situation is possible.
    The device may optionally require electrical energy, e.g. provide for the operation of the irrigation system described above, even by means of appropriate solar modules or the like. The device can also collect rainwater and use it to moisten the moss.
    For the moss layer come from the prior art known moss types in questions, for example the genus Polytrichum. It is preferred to use native moss species in each region (e.g. in East Asia), since these are already best adapted to the respective environmental conditions.
    In a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the planar supports are curved in cross section, for example sigmoidally shaped. Here, “sigmoidal” generally means slightly S-shaped, the support preferably being oriented such that the front section forms a depression which lies towards the source of harmful air or the main flow direction, while the rear section bulges upwards. In this way, the carrier is advantageously designed in such a way that there is an efficient deposition of pollutants that are present in the air stream, which flows through the free gap and over the carrier, for example through pressure and suction effects. However, other forms of the carrier are also possible. In addition, the carrier preferably has raised walls at least on its front and rear sides, so that in a preferred embodiment the carrier is designed like a trough or shell.
    The carrier can be arranged inclined by a maximum of 45 °, so that the mossy surface is turned more towards the source of harmful air. However, the inclination is preferably <40 °, <30 °, <20 °, <15 ° or <10 °.
    In preferred configurations of the device according to the invention, the free gap in the vertical direction has an average clear height H of 15-50 cm, preferably 20-45 cm, more preferably 20-40 cm and particularly preferably 25-35 cm. The height of the gap is selected so that the air to be cleaned has as unimpeded and optimal access to the moss layer as possible and the moss layer can be adequately supplied with natural light without the need for artificial lighting.
    The flat carrier is preferably made of a suitable plastic, but can also consist of stainless steel, for example. Recycled plastics or easily recyclable plastics are preferred as plastics.
    The moss layer can be arranged directly or indirectly on the upper support surface. In the case of a suitable, for example porous, carrier material, the moss layer can be arranged directly on the upper carrier surface. However, a substrate layer and a nonwoven layer are preferably arranged between the upper support surface and the moss layer. The substrate layer is preferably arranged directly on the upper carrier surface, while the nonwoven layer is arranged directly on the substrate layer and below the moss layer. The fleece layer is preferably designed in such a way that the cell threads (rhizoids) of the mosses protrude there and can find a hold. In addition, it is preferred if the substrate layer has the greatest possible water holding capacity. The substrate layer is preferably made from an organic material (e.g. coconut), a mineral material (e.g. clay granulate) or from a biogenic plastic that is as durable as possible but is biocompatible.
    CH 714 855 A2 In the device according to the invention, it is preferred not to use any vascular plants in addition to the mosses. In the device according to the invention, the additional arrangement of vascular plants in the moss layer is therefore dispensed with.
    The flat supports are particularly preferably connected to the holding device in a detachable manner, so that the supports can be removed individually. For this purpose, for example, a type of bayonet lock or the like can be provided. In this way, individual carriers with the moss layer on them can be easily removed and replaced if necessary.
    In a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the holding device is designed in such a way that the spacings of the flat supports from one another can be adjusted. For this purpose, fastening devices can be provided in a certain grid dimension on the holding device, with the aid of which the carriers can be fastened to the holding device. In this way an adaptation, e.g. with regard to the number and spacing of beams, to the respective place of use or the respective situation of use. Of course, adjustments can still be made after an installation.
    The invention also relates to an arrangement which comprises at least one, but preferably a plurality, of devices according to the invention, as described above. The arrangement preferably comprises a plurality of devices according to the invention, which can be combined in a modular manner to form an air purification system, for example for streets and / or contaminated quarters. The arrangement according to the invention enables the provision of air with a reduced pollutant content as an ecosystem service.
    In addition, the invention also relates to the use of a device according to the invention or an arrangement according to the invention for reducing the immission, preferably for reducing the air concentration of fine dust particles and / or nitrogen oxides. A device according to the invention or an arrangement according to the invention can be arranged at a suitable location, for example a street, either alone or fixed on a wall, on a slope or the like, so that the surrounding air can flow over the moss layer on the supports, if appropriate also promoted by pressure and suction effects from road traffic. Air pollutants can thus be optimally bound by the moss layers and removed from the air.
    The invention is explained in the following purely for the purpose of illustration with reference to the attached figures.
    Fig. 1 Simplified side view of an embodiment of a device according to the invention.
    Fig. 2 Simplified side view of another embodiment of a device according to the invention.
    Fig. 3 Simplified spatial view of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 of an inventive device.
    Fig. 4 Simplified sectional view through a carrier of an embodiment of a device according to the invention.
    Fig. 5 Simplified front view (A) and side view of an embodiment of an inventive device.
    Fig. 1 shows a simplified side view of an embodiment of a device according to the invention 1. Shown are six in a vertical holding device 2 vertically one above the other arranged flat supports 3, which are sigmoidally shaped in cross-section and are oriented essentially horizontally. The flat supports 3 are elongated and extend in the longitudinal direction in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the paper. A moss layer 5 is arranged on the upper carrier surface 4 of the carrier, a nonwoven layer 8 and substrate layer 9 (not shown here) being arranged between the moss layer 5 and the upper carrier surface 4 (see FIG. 4). With their front side 10 oriented here to the left, the carriers 3 are oriented in the direction of the source of harmful air or the main flow direction (see arrow) of the air to be cleaned. The sigmoidial shape of the carrier 3 in cross-section forms a type of depression or depression 12 and an elevation 13, which are located here towards the front 10 and the rear 11 of the carrier 3. The rear part of the carrier 3 is thus located higher than the front part of the carrier 3, which improves the deposition of air pollutants, in particular fine dust, from the air flowing from the front 10 to the rear 11 of the carrier on the moss layer 5. Walls are raised on the front sides 10 and rear sides 11, so that the supports 3 are generally U-shaped in cross section. The carriers 3 are spaced apart from one another in the vertical direction to such an extent that a free gap 7 with a height H is formed, through which the air can flow freely. The device has a moistening device 14, which comprises, for example, perforated tubes on which the supports 3 are mounted with their rear section. The tubes are attached to the holding device 2. The moistening device 14 is thus also used, at least in part, for storing the carrier 3. Moisture sensors 15 are used to measure the moisture in the moss layer 5 or its immediate vicinity and are part of a control system for supplying water to the moss layer 5.
    CH 714 855 A2 [0033] FIG. 2 shows a simplified side view of another embodiment of a device 1 according to the invention, in which the supports 3 are inclined in the vertical direction. For this purpose, in the embodiment shown here with supports 3 curved sigmoidally in cross section, the supports 3 are tilted by an angle et about their longitudinal axis with respect to the horizontal, so that the front sides 10 of the supports 3 lie significantly lower than the rear sides 11 of the supports 3.
    FIG. 3 shows a simplified spatial view of the embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention shown in FIG. 1. For the sake of clarity, part of the front holding device 2 is removed. Here carrier 3 are shown with an almost square area. However, it is preferred if the supports 3 extend in the longitudinal direction, i.e. Extend longer in the direction parallel to the front and rear sides 10, 11 and provide a larger area. The holding device 2 shown here in a very schematic and simplified manner can have a more complex structure and, in addition to devices for fastening the carriers 3, also include devices for fastening a moistening device 14 for the water supply to the moss layers.
    Fig. 4 shows a cross section through a carrier 3 in a preferred embodiment and an enlarged view of an end region. The carrier 3 consists of a cross-sectionally sigmoidal plastic plate with raised walls on the front and rear sides 10, 11. On the upper support surface 4 there is e.g. arranged from coconut substrate layer 9. A nonwoven layer 8 is again arranged on the substrate layer 9 and, like the carrier 3, consists of a plastic. The fleece layer 8 serves for better anchoring of the moss layer 5. In its rear part, the carrier 3 has a moistening device 14 pointing downwards to the moss layer 5 on a carrier 3 lying underneath. A moisture sensor 15, which is attached to the moistening device 14, projects through the carrier 3, the substrate layer 9 and the fleece layer 8 to the moss layer 15 in order to measure the moisture prevailing there. The measured values are forwarded to a control by means of lines not shown here or by radio, via which, for example, pumps (also not shown) can be used to irrigate the moss layer 5.
    5 shows a simplified front view (A) and a side view (B) of an embodiment of an arrangement 100 according to the invention. The sigmoidally shaped carriers 3 of a first device 1 according to the invention (left) are arranged essentially horizontally here, so that the front sides 10 and the rear parts of the carrier 3 with the elevations 13 are visible. Another device 1 is indicated on the right next to the first device 1. The side view in FIG. 5B only shows the holding device 2, since here a side wall is provided which hides the view of the carrier 3.
    claims
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    1. Device (1) for immission reduction, in particular for binding fine dust, comprising a vertical holding device (2), on which a plurality of flat supports (3) are arranged, which are arranged vertically one above the other and each have an upper support surface (4) with one thereon arranged moss layer (5) and an opposite lower surface (6), wherein the upper support surface (4) is aligned horizontally or inclined in the vertical direction by a maximum of 45 °, and wherein adjacent flat supports (3) are spaced apart from one another in the vertical direction that a free gap (7) remains between the moss layer (5) of a flat support (3) and the lower surface (6) of an overlying flat support (3).
    [2]
    2. Device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the flat carrier (3) are sigmoidally shaped in cross section.
    [3]
    3. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the free gap (7) in the vertical direction an average clear height H of 15-50 cm, preferably 20-45 cm, more preferably 20-40 cm and particularly preferred 25-35 cm.
    [4]
    4. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the flat carrier (3) consist of plastic and a substrate layer (9) and a nonwoven layer (8) are arranged between the moss layer (5) and the upper carrier surface (4).
    [5]
    5. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein on the vertical holding device (2) and / or on the flat carrier (3) a moistening device (14) is arranged, by means of which the moss layer (5) can be moistened.
    [6]
    6. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein no vascular plants are arranged in the moss layer (5).
    [7]
    7. Device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the flat carrier (3) can be removed individually from the holding device (2).
    [8]
    8. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the holding device (2) is designed such that the distances between the flat carrier (3) to one another are adjustable.
    [9]
    9. An arrangement (100) comprising at least one device (1) according to one of the preceding claims.
    [10]
    10. Use of a device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8 or an arrangement (100) according to claim 9 for reducing the immission, preferably for reducing the air concentration of fine dust particles and / or nitrogen oxides.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    DE102014114307B3|2015-12-24|Plant wall for fine dust binding in urban areas
    EP1922128B1|2012-02-08|Elementfor reducing the particulate matter content of air by the use of mosses and/or lichens
    DE202017104038U1|2017-09-11|Moss comprehensive greening system
    EP1748960B1|2015-01-14|Use of a plant-based sewage treatment system for purifying waster water
    DE202011001466U1|2011-03-17|filter module
    CH714855A2|2019-09-30|Device for immission reduction, in particular for fine dust binding and for improving the air quality.
    EP3322855B1|2019-09-11|Wall and functional element for reducing fine dust pollution
    WO2012034651A1|2012-03-22|Planting system for installing vegetation on vertical and pitched surfaces
    DE19531647A1|1996-03-14|Building=wall cover with plant trough
    DE4235591A1|1993-11-04|Bio filter has horizontal substrate with downflow of organically polluted air - through sprinkler-moistened microorganisms, cleans air polluted by organic aerosol|
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    DE202018101418U1|2019-03-15|Device for immission reduction
    EP2476473A1|2012-07-18|Filter module
    DE2842412A1|1979-05-03|DEVICE FOR COLLECTING A FREE-FALLING LIQUID AND APPLICATION TO A DEVICE FOR CONTACTING A LIQUID WITH A GAS
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    DE102018120188B3|2019-05-23|Device for improving indoor air quality
    DE3816285C2|1990-08-23|
    DE202018104764U1|2019-08-21|Device for improving the air quality in interiors
    DE102017217781B3|2019-01-17|Moss comprehensive greening system
    DE102018001914A1|2019-08-01|Device for emission reduction
    EP0558728A1|1993-09-08|Device for supplying, distributing and moistening gas in a gas cleansing or decomposition installation.
    DE19526788C1|1996-11-28|Flat bio:filter bed for treating gas stream, esp. air
    DE202020106766U1|2020-12-08|Device for the biological cleaning of odorous exhaust air and exchange element for use in the device
    DE102019008479A1|2021-06-10|Mesh screens for trees
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    KR102137420B1|2020-07-24|
    CN110268969A|2019-09-24|
    KR20190108454A|2019-09-24|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    JP2002345330A|2001-05-29|2002-12-03|Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd|Double-layer panel-type greening blind, and greening blind|
    JP4656970B2|2005-03-09|2011-03-23|パナソニック株式会社|Planting louvers, planting equipment and buildings|
    DE202012104884U1|2012-12-14|2013-02-13|Stefan Brandhorst|Vertical greening system|
    DE102014114307B3|2014-10-01|2015-12-24|Green City Solutions Gmbh & Co. Kg|Plant wall for fine dust binding in urban areas|
    CN206776175U|2017-05-09|2017-12-22|李幸雨|A kind of biology plantation plantation frame|CN110779199B|2019-11-25|2021-11-12|山东康堡汽车配件有限公司|Self-cleaning type air conditioner heat exchanger|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102018105849.7A|DE102018105849B3|2018-03-14|2018-03-14|Device for immission reduction|
    DE202018101418.8U|DE202018101418U1|2018-03-14|2018-03-14|Device for immission reduction|
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